Jürgen Habermas es hoy el tipo de filósofo que no necesita presentación. Su extensa y conocidaobra, empezada a desarrollar en forma sistemática a mediados de la década del60, cuando apenas contaba con 35 años, ha sido reflejo del espíritu de la época. Polémico, analista de primera mano de lo que sucede y de lo que se dice en Alemania y el mundo, es el tipo de filósofo «que va a la plaza de mercado», es decir, que no concibe la filosoña (...) como un metadiscurso propio de mandarines elegidos que encuentran la esencia de las cosas. Por el contrario, la filosoña es. para él la posibilidad de aclarar la acción cotidiana. (shrink)

The environmental damage that has been generated by human activity is a cause for concern, so pro-environmental behavior has been identified as one of the possible solutions. However, it has been seen that there are psychological barriers that prevent or hinder this behavior. For this reason, in order to have an instrument to evaluate these psychological barriers in our context, the objective of this research was to adapt the Dragons of Inaction Psychological Barriers scale to the Colombian population. The sample (...) was made up of 810 university students from Bogotá and Chía, Colombia; 367 males and 443 females between 15 and 48 years of age. In general, an exploratory factor analysis and a confirmatory factor analysis were carried out, which demonstrated the existence of a five-factor structure with 20 items. Item and reliability analyses were performed, which demonstrated that the instrument has a high internal consistency; and two invariance studies were carried out, which showed that the factor structure is invariant for all study groups. In addition, the total instrument was scored. In conclusion, this adaptation of the DIPB presents adequate validity and reliability, and allows guiding future research on inaction barriers in the Latin American context, while providing an input for a first diagnosis of this construct in Colombia. (shrink)

Este artículo se ocupa de la primera recepción de la obra de Nicolás Gómez Dávila, que se encuentra en la presentación que de él hizo Hernando Téllez en la revista Mito. El artículo analiza la aparición de las formas argumentativas breves en la revista colombiana Mito y, en particular, el uso que le dieron allí Hernando Téllez y Nicolás Gómez Dávila. En primer término, se discuten las relaciones de ambos autores con formas como el escolio, el aforismo, la (...) entrada de diario y el ensayo. Luego, se examina el uso de formas marginales en la revista Mito por autores como Alfonso Reyes, Jorge Gaitán Durán y Rafael Gutiérrez Girardot. Por último, se analiza la aparición de textos argumentativos de Téllez y Gómez Dávila en la revista para establecer un diálogo entre los dos principales cultivadores de la forma argumentativa breve en la literatura colombiana de los años cincuenta. (shrink)

The term “lean in” was popularized by Sheryl Sandberg, Facebook COO, via her #1 Best Seller encouraging women to defy their fears and dare to be leaders in their fields. She received criticism because although admitting to external barriers contributing to the gender gap in leadership, the scope of her book focused on the internal shortcomings of women. She asserted that women are hindered by barriers that exist within themselves, and provided practical tips, backed by research, to equip women with (...) strategies to proactively progress in the workplace instead of shying away. Sandberg is not the first to raise concern about gender inequality. Other women in history like Susan B. Anthony and Maggie Lena Walker also challenged lopsided gender roles through their words and actions. Using the critical biography methodology, this paper explores these women’s experiences, philosophies and contributions, reflects on Sandberg’s insight, and develops a framework, based on the theory of planned behavior as well as the ethical principles of utilitarianism and corporate social responsibility, that links internal factors, organizational external factors, and societal external factors to intentions to lean in and leaning in behavior. Thus, via critical biography, this paper examines both internal and external factors, showing how they are linked, and how they may impact leaning in intentions and behavior. The paper also discusses how leaning in may influence both individual and gender mobility for women, and ultimately, increased gender equality. (shrink)

The origin of chordates and the consequent genesis of vertebrates were major events in natural history. The amphioxus (lancelet) is now recognised as the closest extant relative to the stem chordate and is the only living invertebrate that retains a vertebrate‐like development and body plan through its lifespan, despite more than 500 million years of independent evolution from the stem vertebrate. The inspiring data coming from its recently sequenced genome confirms that amphioxus has a prototypical chordate genome with respect to (...) gene content and structure, and even chromosomal organisation. Pushed by joint efforts of amphioxus researchers, amphioxus is now entering a new era, namely its maturation as a laboratory model, through the availability of a large amount of molecular data and the advent of experimental manipulation of the embryo. These two facts may well serve to illuminate the hidden secrets of the genetic changes that generated, among other vertebrates, ourselves. (shrink)

La Sociedad del Conocimiento se caracteriza por un continuo contacto con una información de marcado carácter visual. No resulta extraño, pues, implementar en el aula universitaria una metodología basada en la imagen, el Visual Thinking. La metodología utilizada es de naturaleza cuantitativa. Se presentan los resultados de la aplicación de esta herramienta a 401 estudiantes de tres titulaciones de la Universidad de Córdoba, que manifiestan un alto nivel de satisfacción con la experiencia y mejoras en el aprendizaje de las asignaturas. (...) El Visual Thinking se considera una herramienta que favorece la implicación del estudiantado a partir del uso de imágenes. (shrink)

Las dos funciones que realiza la filosofía de la razón vital la conectan con dos tradiciones filosóficas bien distintas. Por una parte, el pensamiento raciovital esta enlazado con la filosofía del fundamento y, por otra, con un concepto mas critico de la filosofía, que guarda una evidente semejanza intelectual con el pensamiento negativo de adorno. Ortega cree que su tiempo responde a una nueva revelación histórica que supera la modernidad y la filosofía idealista que la ha caracterizado esencialmente. La innovación (...) radical que trae consigo es la negación del intelectualismo. La razón y la filosofía son, ante todo, practicas, vitales. Filosofamos porque vivimos, y, sobre todo, para atender al problema vital decisivo: la muerte de las creencias fundamentales que sostienen / orientan la vida humana. Ortega y adorno sostienen que la vida no se deja encorsetar, es irreductible, y que el papel de la filosofía tiene que ser reaccionar contra la tendencia natural de la razón / concepto a apropiarse de la realidad para mantener abiertas las heridas y que mane la sangre, o, lo que es lo mismo, para dar voz a lo ontico. La ironía de la razón contra si misma es el método de la diferencia, el método que ha de emplear la razón vital para dejar a la realidad individual presentar sus testimonios. Solo asi puede la razon decir lo que no puede, lo que se le escapa. (shrink)

Resumen: Este artículo presenta la idea de que el ensayo tiene una estética, un estilo literario, pero al tiempo esta estética es un estilo mental que presupone una ética como base. Por tanto, pensamos el ensayo como filosofía. Es más: en la modernidad, la filosofía es ensayística. Esta filosofía del ensayo tiene cinco características principales que son inseparables entre sí. El ensayo se basa en el mundo de la vida y en consecuencia es una filosofía experimental opuesta al sistema racionalista. (...) Esta filosofía es una filosofía de la finitud, antiabsolutista, que defiende la relevancia filosófica del sujeto concreto y real. Finalmente, el ensayo entiende la reflexión crítica como un método de libertad. La filosofía ensayística contiene una ética con todas las reservas que evita tanto el totalitarismo racionalista como el nihilismo esteticista, y que concluye en un pluralismo dialógico.: This paper introduces the idea that essay has a aesthetics, a literary style, but at the same time this aesthetics is a mental style that presupposes a ethics as ground. Therefore, we think the essay as philosophy. More precisely: in modernity, philosophy is essayistic. This essay’s philosophy has five main characteristics that are inseparable from each other. Essay is based on life-world and in consequence is a experimental philosophy opposed to the rationalist system. This philosophy is a philosophy of finitude, anti-absolutist, that defends the philosophical relevance of the concrete and real subject. Finally, the essay understands critical reflection as a method of freedom. Essayistic philosophy contains a ethics that avoids both rationalist totalitarianism and aestheticist nihilism, and that concludes in a dialogical pluralism. (shrink)

Por supuesto se expresa como quien conoce muy bien los términos jurídicos pero con la habilidad de no abrumar al interlocutor. Inspira confianza. Es una mujer grande que mira directamente a los ojos y sonríe casi siempre. Escucha con atención y acierta a comunicar desde la propia experiencia no ya de brillante profesional de la judicatura, sino de mujer, madre, compañera� Enseguida hemos pasado del usted al tú�.

In this paper we exhibit a non-finitely based, finitely generated quasi-variety of De Morgan algebras and determine the bottom of the lattices of sub-quasi-varieties of Kleene and De Morgan algebras.

In this paper we exhibit a non-finitely based, finitely generated quasi-variety of De Morgan algebras and determine the bottom of the lattices of sub-quasi-varieties of Kleene and De Morgan algebras.

"Un escritor ejemplar", texto de Hernando Téllez sobre Gómez Dávila, quizás una de las primeras aproximaciones hechas a una figura autoral que ya empezaba a despertar un profundo interés en la crítica literaria colombiana.

The tree-based data structure of -tree for propositional formulas is introduced in an improved and optimised form. The -trees allow a compact representation for negation normal forms as well as for a number of reduction strategies in order to consider only those occurrences of literals which are relevant for the satisfiability of the input formula. These reduction strategies are divided into two subsets (meaning- and satisfiability-preserving transformations) and can be used to decrease the size of a negation normal form A (...) at (at most) quadratic cost. The reduction strategies are aimed at decreasing the number of required branchings and, therefore, these strategies allow to limit the size of the search space for the SAT problem. (shrink)

The tree-based data structure of △-tree for propositional formulas is introduced in an improved and optimised form. The △-trees allow a compact representation for negation normal forms as well as for a number of reduction strategies in order to consider only those occurrences of literals which are relevant for the satisfiability of the input formula. These reduction strategies are divided into two subsets (meaning- and satisfiability-preserving transformations) and can be used to decrease the size of a negation normal form A (...) at (at most) quadratic cost. The reduction strategies are aimed at decreasing the number of required branchings and, therefore, these strategies allow to limit the size of the search space for the SAT problem. (shrink)

Entre Scylla y Caribdis -- El lenguaje adicional en Jacques Prévert -- L'étranger, absurdo y rebelión en Camus -- La existencia en profundidad.

Transition experienced by trans people shakes Social Sciences conven-tional understanding of time and space as static analytical units based on tradi-tional biological and physical axioms. Overcoming sexual binarism entails also questioning time and space as isolated elements to become, instead, entangled realities. Departing from trans studies and Halberstam´s concepts of queer temporalities and space as theoretical framework, this papers lines up the indi-vidual story of a trans man with physical disability and ASD with social “trans-formations”, by linking the exposition of (...) the body with the transgression of heteronormative cis time, to be replaced, gradually by trans temporality and new ways of cohabitating spaces. (shrink)

Rationale, aims and objectives Given the increasing prevalence of cataract and demand for cataract extraction surgery, patients must often wait to undergo this procedure. We validated a previously developed priority scoring system in terms of clinical variables, pre-intervention health status, appropriateness of surgery and gain in visual acuity (VA) and health-related quality of life (HRQoL).Methods Explicit prioritization criteria for cataract extraction created by a variation of the Research and Development (RAND) and University of California Los Angeles appropriateness methodology were retrospectively (...) applied to a prospective cohort of 5257 patients on waiting lists to undergo cataract by phacoemulsification at 17 hospitals in Spain. Demographic data, clinical data and data related to surgical technique were collected by trained ophthalmologists. Patients were evaluated by their ophthalmologist before the intervention and 6 weeks afterward. They also completed, by mail, the Visual Function Index (VF-14) before the intervention and 3 months afterward.Results High-priority patients experienced greater improvement in VA and HRQoL than those classified as intermediate or low-priority (P < 0.0001), even after adjusting by VA and the VF-14 score at baseline. The time to intervention was the same for high-priority patients as it was for intermediate and low-priority patients.Conclusions The priority score we developed identified patients most likely to experience the greatest improvements from cataract extraction. Use of this tool could provide a fairer and more rational way to prioritize patients for cataract extraction. (shrink)

In this paper we describe the Priestley space of a quasi-Stone algebra and use it to show that the class of finite quasi-Stone algebras has the amalgamation property. We also describe the Priestley space of the free quasi-Stone algebra over a finite set.

This paper is a response to Haze’s brief argument for the falsity of the theory that instantial terms refer arbitrarily, proposed by Breckenridge and Magidor in 2012. In this paper, I characterise instantial terms and outline the theory of arbitrary reference; then I reconstruct Haze’s argument and contend that it fails in its purpose. Haze’s argument is supposed to be a _reductio ad absurdum:_ according to Haze, it proves that a contradiction follows from the most basic tenets of the theory (...) of arbitrary reference. I will argue, however, that the contradiction in question follows not from these tenets, but from the surreptitious use that Haze makes of a self-referential expression. I conclude, consequently, that Haze’s argument is nothing more than an illustration of the well-known fact that self-referential expressions produce paradoxical results. (shrink)